NRPs are aimed at researchers in Switzerland who want to study topics of national significance. The research topics of the individual programmes are specified by the Federal Council. NRPs make a scientific contribution to solving societal challenges. The programs are distinguished by the following characteristics: they are solution-oriented and close to the practical realm; they are interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary; the research projects of an NRP jointly pursue an overall goal; knowledge transfer and the communication of results are valued highly.